Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 July 13 Webb's Rho Ophiuchi Image Credit:NASA,ESA,CSA,STScI,Klaus Pontoppidan (STScI),Processing: Alyssa Pagan (STScI) Explanation: A mere 390 light-years away,Sun-like stars and future planetary systems are forming inthe Rho Ophiuchi molecular cloud complex,the closest star-forming region to our fair planet.The James Webb Space Telescope's NIRCam peeredinto the nearby natal chaosto capture this infrared image atan inspiring scale.The spectacular cosmic snapshot was released to celebrate the successfulfirst year ofWebb's explorationof the Universe.The frame spansless than a light-year across the Rho Ophiuchi regionand contains about 50 young stars.Brighter stars clearly sport Webb's characteristic pattern ofdiffraction spikes.Huge jets of shocked molecular hydrogenblasting fromnewborn stars are red in the image, withthe large, yellowish dusty cavity carved out by the energeticyoung star near its center.Near some stars in the stunning image are shadows cast by theirprotoplanetary disks. Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA /GSFC& Michigan Tech....
Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 July 8 Stickney Crater Image Credit: HiRISE, MRO, LPL (U. Arizona), NASA Explanation: Stickney Crater, the largest crater on the martian moon Phobos,is named forChloe Angeline StickneyHall,mathematician andwife of astronomer Asaph Hall.Asaph Hall discovered both theRed Planet's moons in 1877.Over 9 kilometers across, Stickney is nearly half thediameter of Phobos itself, so large that theimpact that blasted out the crater likely came closeto shattering the tiny moon.This enhanced-color imageof Stickney and surroundingswas recorded by the HiRISE camera onboard theMars Reconnaissance Orbiter as it passed within somesix thousand kilometersof Phobos in March of 2008.Even though the surface gravity ofasteroid-like Phobosis less than 1/1000th Earth's gravity, streaks suggest loosematerial slid down inside the crater walls over time.Light bluish regions near the crater's rim could indicatea relatively freshly exposed surface.The origin of the curious grooves along the surface ismysterious but may be related to tidal stresses experienced byclose-orbiting Phobos orthe crater-forming impact itself. Tomorrow's picture: doomed star<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU)...
APOD: 2023 July 7 - The Double Cluster in Perseus Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 July 7 The Double Cluster in Perseus Image Credit &Copyright: Mårten Frosth Explanation: This pretty starfieldspans about three full moons (1.5 degrees)across the heroic northern constellation ofPerseus.It holds the famouspair of open star clusters,h and Chi Persei.Also cataloged asNGC 869 (top)and NGC 884,both clusters are about 7,000 light-years away andcontain stars much younger and hotter than the Sun. Separated by only a few hundred light-years, the clusters areboth 13 million years youngbased onthe ages of theirindividual stars,evidence that they were likely a product of the same star-forming region.Always a rewardingsight in binoculars,the Double Cluster is even visible to the unaided eye fromdark locations. Tomorrow's picture: doomed moon<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA /GSFC& Michigan Tech. U.
APOD: 2023 July 6 - Fireworks vs Supermoon Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 July 6 Fireworks vs Supermoon Image Credit &Copyright: Michael Seeley Explanation: On July 4, an almost Full Moon rosein planet Earth'sevening skies.Also known as a Buck Moon, the full lunar phase (full on July 3at 11:39 UTC) was near perigee,the closest point in the Moon'salmost monthly orbit around planet Earth.That qualifiedthis July's Full Moon as a supermoon,the first offour supermoons in 2023.Seen from Cocoa Beach along Florida'sSpace Coast on July 4,any big, bright, beautiful Full Moon would stillhave to compete for attention though.July's super-moonrise was captured hereagainst a super-colorful fireworks display. Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA /GSFC& Michigan Tech. U.
Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 July 7 The Double Cluster in Perseus Image Credit &Copyright: Mårten Frosth Explanation: This pretty starfieldspans about three full moons (1.5 degrees)across the heroic northern constellation ofPerseus.It holds the famouspair of open star clusters,h and Chi Persei.Also cataloged asNGC 869 (top)and NGC 884,both clusters are about 7,000 light-years away andcontain stars much younger and hotter than the Sun. Separated by only a few hundred light-years, the clusters areboth 13 million years youngbased onthe ages of theirindividual stars,evidence that they were likely a product of the same star-forming region.Always a rewardingsight in binoculars,the Double Cluster is even visible to the unaided eye fromdark locations. Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA /GSFC& Michigan Tech. U.
Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 July 6 Fireworks vs Supermoon Image Credit &Copyright: Michael Seeley Explanation: On July 4, an almost Full Moon rosein planet Earth'sevening skies.Also known as a Buck Moon, the full lunar phase (full on July 3at 11:39 UTC) was near perigee,the closest point in the Moon'salmost monthly orbit around planet Earth.That qualifiedthis July's Full Moon as a supermoon,the first offour supermoons in 2023.Seen from Cocoa Beach along Florida'sSpace Coast on July 4,any big, bright, beautiful Full Moon would stillhave to compete for attention though.July's super-moonrise was captured hereagainst a super-colorful fireworks display. Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA /GSFC& Michigan Tech. U.
Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 July 1 Three Galaxies in Draco Image Credit &Copyright: David Vernet , Jean-François Bax , Serge Brunier,OCA/C2PU Explanation: This tantalizing trio of galaxies sometimes called the Draco Group,is located in the northern constellation of (you guessed it)Draco, the Dragon.From left to right areface-on spiral NGC 5985,elliptical galaxy NGC 5982, andedge-on spiral NGC 5981,all found within thissingle telescopic field of view that spans a little more thanthe width of the full moon.While the group is far too small to be agalaxy cluster,and has not beencataloguedas a compact galaxy group,the three galaxies all do lie roughly100 million light-years from planet Earth.Not as well known as other tightgroupings of galaxies,the contrast in visual appearancestill makes this triplet an attractive subject for astroimagers.On close examination withspectrographs,the bright core of striking spiral NGC 5985 showsprominent emission in specific wavelengths of light, promptingastronomers to classify it as aSeyfert, a type of active galaxy.Thisimpressively deep exposurehints at a faint dim halo along with sharp-edged shells surroundingelliptical NGC 5982, evidence of past galactic mergers.It also reveals many even moredistant...
APOD: 2023 June 27 - MAVEN's Ultraviolet Mars Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 June 27 MAVEN's Ultraviolet Mars Image Credit: MAVEN,Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Univ. Colorado,NASA Explanation: These two global views of Marswere captured at ultraviolet wavelengths,beyond the spectrumvisible to human eyes.Recorded by theMAVEN spacecraft'sImaging Ultraviolet Spectrographinstrument in July 2022 (left) and January 2023,three otherwise invisible ultraviolet bands are mapped intored, green, and blue colors.That color scheme presents theRed Planet's surfacefeatures in shades of tan and green.Haze and clouds appear white or blue, while high altitude ozone takeson a dramatic purple hue.On the left, Mars' south polar ice cap is in brilliant whiteat the bottom but shrinking duringthe southern hemisphere'ssummer season.On the right, the northern hemisphere's polar region is seenshrouded in clouds and atmospheric ozone.Known to some as the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft,MAVEN has been exploring Mars' tenuous upper atmosphere,ionosphere, and its interactions with the Sun and solar windsince 2014. Tomorrow's picture: star cloud<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific...
Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 June 28 Messier 24: Sagittarius Star Cloud Image Credit &Copyright:Emmanuel Astronomono Explanation: Unlike most entriesin Charles Messier's famous catalog of deep sky objects,M24is not a bright galaxy, star cluster, or nebula.It's a gap in nearby, obscuring interstellar dust clouds that allowsa view of the distant stars in the Sagittarius spiral armof our Milky Way galaxy.Direct your gazethrough this gap with binoculars or small telescopeand you arelooking through a window over 300 light-years wide at stars some10,000 light-years or more from Earth.Sometimes called the Small Sagittarius Star Cloud, M24's luminous stars fillthis gorgeous starscape. Covering over 3 degrees or the width of 6 full moons in theconstellation Sagittarius,the telescopic field of view includesdark markingsB92 and B93 near center, along with otherclouds of dust and glowing nebulae toward the center of the Milky Way. Tomorrow's picture: pixels in space<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA /GSFC&...
Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 June 27 MAVEN's Ultraviolet Mars Image Credit: MAVEN,Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Univ. Colorado,NASA Explanation: These two global views of Marswere captured at ultraviolet wavelengths,beyond the spectrumvisible to human eyes.Recorded by theMAVEN spacecraft'sImaging Ultraviolet Spectrographinstrument in July 2022 (left) and January 2023,three otherwise invisible ultraviolet bands are mapped intored, green, and blue colors.That color scheme presents theRed Planet's surfacefeatures in shades of tan and green.Haze and clouds appear white or blue, while high altitude ozone takeson a dramatic purple hue.On the left, Mars' south polar ice cap is in brilliant whiteat the bottom but shrinking duringthe southern hemisphere'ssummer season.On the right, the northern hemisphere's polar region is seenshrouded in clouds and atmospheric ozone.Known to some as the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft,MAVEN has been exploring Mars' tenuous upper atmosphere,ionosphere, and its interactions with the Sun and solar windsince 2014. Tomorrow's picture: galaxies away<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy...
APOD: 2023 June 23 - Giant Galaxies in Pavo Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 June 23 Giant Galaxies in Pavo Image Credit &Copyright: Mike Selby,Observatorio El Sauce Explanation: Over 500,000 light years across, NGC 6872(top right) is a trulyenormous barred spiral galaxy,at least 5 times the size of our own very large Milky Way.The appearance of thisgiant galaxy'sdistorted and stretched out spiral armssuggests the magnificent wings of a giant bird.Of course its popular moniker is the Condor galaxy.It lies about 200 million light-years distant toward the southern constellation Pavo, the Peacock.Lined withstar-forming regions, the distortedspiral arms are due to NGC 6872's gravitational interactionwith the nearby smallergalaxy IC 4970,seen just above the giant galaxy's core.The Pavo galaxy group'sdominant giant elliptical galaxy, NGC 6876is below and left of the soaring Condor galaxy. Tomorrow's picture: fifty first flights<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA /GSFC& Michigan Tech. U.
Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 June 24 3D Ingenuity Image Credit: NASA,JPL-Caltech,MSSS,ASU Explanation: The multicolor, stereo imagingMastcam-Zon the Perseverance roverzoomed into capturethis 3D close-up (get out your red/blue glasses) of theMars Ingenuityhelicopteron mission sol 45.That's Earth-date 2021 April 5.Casting a shadowon the Martian surface, Ingenuity is standingalone on its four landing legs next to the rover's wheel tracks.The experimental helicopter's solar panel, charging batteries that keepit warm through thecold Martian nightsand power its flight, sits justabove Ingenuity's two 1.2 meter (4 foot) long counter-rotating blades.Thirteen sols later, on April 19,Ingenuity became the first aircraft to perform powered, controlledflight on another planet.It has since gone onto complete more than 50flights through the thin atmosphere of Mars. Tomorrow's picture: Jovian lightning<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA /GSFC& Michigan Tech. U.
APOD: 2023 June 22 - Stars and Dust across Corona Australis Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 June 22 Stars and Dust across Corona Australis Image Credit &Copyright: Alessandro Cipolat Bares Explanation: Cosmic dust clouds cross a rich field of stars inthis telescopic vista near the northern boundary ofCorona Australis,the Southern Crown.Part of a sprawling molecular cloud complex this star formingregion is a mere 500 light-years away.That's about one third the distance ofthe more famous stellar nursery known as the Orion Nebula.The 2 degree wide frame would span 15 light-years atthe clouds' estimated distance.Mixed with bright nebulositiesthe dust cloudseffectively block light frommore distant background stars in theMilky Wayand obscure from view embedded starsstill in the processof formation.Large dark nebula Bernes 157 is on the left.To its right are a group ofpretty reflection nebulae cataloged as NGC 6726, 6727, 6729, and IC 4812.Their characteristic blue color is produced as lightfrom hot stars is reflected by the cosmic dust.The more compact NGC 6729 surrounds young variable starR Coronae Australis.Just below it, filamentary arcs and loops are identified asHerbig Haro objects associatedwith energetic newborn stars.In...
Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 June 23 Giant Galaxies in Pavo Image Credit &Copyright: Mike Selby,Observatorio El Sauce Explanation: Over 500,000 light years across, NGC 6872(top right) is a trulyenormous barred spiral galaxy,at least 5 times the size of our own very large Milky Way.The appearance of thisgiant galaxy'sdistorted and stretched out spiral armssuggests the magnificent wings of a giant bird.Of course its popular moniker is the Condor galaxy.It lies about 200 million light-years distant toward the southern constellation Pavo, the Peacock.Lined withstar-forming regions, the distortedspiral arms are due to NGC 6872's gravitational interactionwith the nearby smallergalaxy IC 4970,seen just above the giant galaxy's core.The Pavo galaxy group'sdominant giant elliptical galaxy, NGC 6876is below and left of the soaring Condor galaxy. Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA /GSFC& Michigan Tech. U.
Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 June 22 Stars and Dust across Corona Australis Image Credit &Copyright: Alessandro Cipolat Bares Explanation: Cosmic dust clouds cross a rich field of stars inthis telescopic vista near the northern boundary ofCorona Australis,the Southern Crown.Part of a sprawling molecular cloud complex this star formingregion is a mere 500 light-years away.That's about one third the distance ofthe more famous stellar nursery known as the Orion Nebula.The 2 degree wide frame would span 15 light-years atthe clouds' estimated distance.Mixed with bright nebulositiesthe dust cloudseffectively block light frommore distant background stars in theMilky Wayand obscure from view embedded starsstill in the processof formation.Large dark nebula Bernes 157 is on the left.To its right are a group ofpretty reflection nebulae cataloged as NGC 6726, 6727, 6729, and IC 4812.Their characteristic blue color is produced as lightfrom hot stars is reflected by the cosmic dust.The more compact NGC 6729 surrounds young variable starR Coronae Australis.Just below it, filamentary arcs and loops are identified asHerbig Haro objects associatedwith energetic newborn stars.In fact, at the heart of this...
APOD: 2023 June 16 - Sunset to Sunrise over the Baltic Sea Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 June 16 Sunset to Sunrise over the Baltic Sea Image Credit &Copyright: Bernd Pröschold(TWAN) Explanation: This serene view fromthe coast of Sweden looks across the Baltic seaand compresses time, presenting the passage of one night in asingle photograph.From sunset to sunrise,moonlightilluminates the creative sea and skyscape.Fleeting clouds, fixed stars, and flowingnorthern lightsleave their traces inplanet Earth's sky.To construct the timelapse image,3296 video frames were recorded on the nightof a nearly full moon between 7:04pm and 6:35am local time.As time progressesfrom left to right,a single column of pixels was takenfrom the correspondingindividual frame and combined in sequence into a single digital image3296 pixels wide. HappyBirthdayAPOD Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA /GSFC& Michigan Tech. U.
Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. Planet Earth at Night II Video Credit: NASA,Gateway to Astronaut Photography,ISS Expedition 53; Music: The Low Seas (The 126ers) Explanation: Recorded during 2017, timelapse sequences from theInternational Space Station are compiled in thisserene video of planet Earth at Night.Fans of low Earth orbit can start by enjoying the view asgreen and red aurora borealisslather up the sky.The night scene tracks from northwest to southeast across North America,toward the Gulf of Mexico and the Florida coast.A second sequence follows European city lights, crossesthe Mediterranean Sea, and passes over a bright Nile riverin northern Africa.Seen from the orbital outpost, erratic flashes of lightning appearin thunder storms below and stars rise above the planet's curvedhorizon through a faintatmospheric airglow.Of course, from home you can always check out thevital signs of Planet Earth Now. Tomorrow's picture: How many sides does northern Saturn have?<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA...
APOD: 2023 June 15 - M15: Dense Globular Star Cluster Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 June 15 M15: Dense Globular Star Cluster Image Credit: NASA, ESA, Hubble Legacy Archive; Processing: Ehsan Ebrahimian Explanation: Messier 15 isan immense swarm of over 100,000 stars.A 13 billion year old relic of the early formative yearsof our galaxy it's one of about 170 globular star clusters thatstill roam the halo of the Milky Way.Centered in this sharpreprocessed Hubble image, M15lies some 35,000 light-years away toward the constellation Pegasus.Its diameter is about 200 light-years,but more than half its stars are packed into the central 10light-years or so,making one of the densest concentrations of stars known.Hubble-basedmeasurements of the increasing velocities of M15's central starsare evidence that a massive black hole resides at the center of thedense cluster.M15 is also known toharbour a planetary nebula.Called Pease 1 (aka PN Ps 1), it can be seen in this image as asmall blue blob below and just right of center. Tomorrow's picture: when time lapses<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors:...
Astronomy Picture of the Day Discover the cosmos!Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe isfeatured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2023 June 16 Sunset to Sunrise over the Baltic Sea Image Credit &Copyright: Bernd Pröschold(TWAN) Explanation: This serene view fromthe coast of Sweden looks across the Baltic seaand compresses time, presenting the passage of one night in asingle photograph.From sunset to sunrise,moonlightilluminates the creative sea and skyscape.Fleeting clouds, fixed stars, and flowingnorthern lightsleave their traces inplanet Earth's sky.To construct the timelapse image,3296 video frames were recorded on the nightof June's Full Moon between 7:04pm and 6:35am local time.As time progressesfrom left to right,a single column of pixels was takenfrom the correspondingindividual frame and combined in sequence into a single digital image3296 pixels wide. HappyBirthdayAPOD Tomorrow's picture: light-weekend<| Archive| Submissions | Index| Search| Calendar| RSS| Education| About APOD| Discuss| > Authors & editors: Robert Nemiroff(MTU) &Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)NASA Official: Phillip NewmanSpecific rights apply.NASA WebPrivacy Policy and Important NoticesA service of:ASD atNASA /GSFC& Michigan Tech. U.